National League for Nursing (NLN PAX) Practice Exam

What is the consequence of an alpha particle penetrating the skin?

1. High risk of damage

2. No risk of damage

3. Can cause surface burns

4. Can affect internal organs

The correct answer is: No risk of damage

Alpha particles are known for their relatively low penetration capabilities; they can be stopped by a sheet of paper or the outer layer of human skin. Because of this property, the risk of damage from alpha particles when they are outside the body is low, as they cannot penetrate beyond the epidermis. However, if alpha emitters were to be ingested or inhaled, they could pose significant health risks due to their high mass and charge, which can cause substantial damage at close range. Thus, while the external exposure does not typically result in harm, understanding the conditions under which alpha particles might cause damage is crucial for evaluating risks related to radiation exposure. This factor highlights the importance of context regarding the source and route of exposure when discussing the potential impact of alpha particles on health.