National League for Nursing (NLN PAX) Practice Exam

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Which of these processes is used to free contaminated water of bacteria?

Filtering
Passing it through charcoal
Treating it with chlorine
Allowing it to settle

The correct answer is: Treating it with chlorine

The process of treating contaminated water with chlorine is particularly effective for eliminating bacteria and other pathogens. Chlorine acts as a powerful disinfectant; when added to water, it reacts with microorganisms, effectively destroying their cell walls and preventing them from reproducing. This method is widely used in municipal water treatment facilities to ensure that drinking water is safe and free from harmful bacteria before it is distributed for public use. While filtering can remove larger particles and some microorganisms, it is not as reliable in ensuring all bacteria are eliminated. Passing water through charcoal can help remove impurities and improve taste but is not specifically designed for disinfecting water. Allowing water to settle may help remove some sediments, but it does not address bacterial contamination effectively. Therefore, treating water with chlorine stands out as the most effective method among the options for ensuring water is free of harmful bacteria and safe for consumption.